Methodology · Risk Stratification

How CardioIQ Stratifies Risk: SCORE2, ApoB & Lp(a) Explained

Physician-built clinical intelligence for cardiovascular longevity — built by a lipidologist, not a tech company.

A standard lipid panel tells you whether a value falls inside or outside a population reference range. It does not tell you what target is right for you — that depends on your overall cardiovascular risk. CardioIQ's interpretation logic exists to close that gap: it reads your panel against guideline-anchored, risk-calibrated targets, the same way a preventive cardiologist or lipidologist would in clinic.

This page explains the logic itself — the frameworks, thresholds, and sources CardioIQ's reports are built on. It is not a diagnosis, and it does not replace your physician; it is designed to be brought to them.

Presented at the III Congress of the Kazakhstan Atherosclerosis Society — "From Lipids to Precision Prevention," Astana, August 2026.

1. Two lenses: ruling out vs. optimizing

Standard reference ranges are built to rule out disease in a general population. Longevity-optimal targets are calibrated to an individual's overall risk category — they aim higher, for someone actively working to minimize cumulative atherosclerotic exposure over decades. Both are valid; they answer different questions. CardioIQ shows both, side by side, rather than replacing one with the other.

2. Risk-tiered targets: LDL-C, ApoB, Non-HDL-C

The core lipid targets come from the 2019 ESC/EAS Dyslipidaemia Guidelines, reaffirmed unchanged by the 2025 Focused Update. The 2025 update did not change these numeric targets — it updated how risk category itself is assigned (see §3) and expanded the non-statin toolbox.

MarkerModerate riskHigh riskVery-high risk
LDL-C<100 mg/dL<70 mg/dL (≥50%↓)<55 mg/dL (≥50%↓)
ApoB<100 mg/dL<80 mg/dL<65 mg/dL
Non-HDL-C<130 mg/dL<100 mg/dL<85 mg/dL

Source: ESC/EAS 2019 Dyslipidaemia Guidelines (ehz455); targets reaffirmed in the 2025 Focused Update (ehaf190).

Why ApoB alongside LDL-C? ApoB reflects the number of atherogenic particles directly, and can diverge from LDL-C when triglycerides are elevated or insulin resistance is present. When the two disagree, ApoB is the preferred measure of atherogenic burden.

3. How the risk category itself is assigned

Which column applies to a given person is a separate question from the targets themselves. As of the 2025 Focused Update, primary-prevention risk is estimated using SCORE2 (ages 40–69) or SCORE2-OP (ages 70–89) — a 10-year fatal-plus-non-fatal cardiovascular event estimate. Established atherosclerotic disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or familial hypercholesterolemia place someone directly into the high- or very-high-risk category without a SCORE2 calculation.

Source: 2025 ESC/EAS Focused Update, Mach et al., Eur Heart J 2025;46(42):4359–4378 (ehaf190).

4. Lp(a): the once-in-a-lifetime modifier

Lp(a) is not on a standard lipid panel, is genetically determined, and stays essentially stable across life — which is why guidelines recommend measuring it once, in every adult, rather than tracking it over time.

Bandnmol/LInterpretation
Rule-out<75Not an independent risk driver
Grey zone75–125Intermediate — considered alongside overall risk
Rule-in≥125Independent risk modifier

Source: EAS 2022 Lp(a) Consensus Statement (ehac361).

Separately, the 2025 ESC/EAS Focused Update flags Lp(a) above roughly 50 mg/dL (~105 nmol/L) as a threshold that can upgrade a person from moderate to high risk — a risk-modifier framing distinct from, and additional to, the EAS consensus bands above. There is currently no approved Lp(a)-lowering therapy; when Lp(a) is elevated, guideline-directed management means controlling ApoB and LDL-C more aggressively and considering family (cascade) screening, since Lp(a) is inherited.

5. Where this shows up in your report

CardioIQ's report walks each marker through this same sequence — what was measured, how it compares to both the standard range and the risk-tiered optimal target, the guideline source behind that target, and what it means as one part of an overall picture. It is structured the way a lipidologist would explain a panel in clinic: nothing invented, nothing scored into a single number, no diagnosis rendered.

Boundary. This page describes the interpretation framework CardioIQ applies — it is educational, not a personalized risk assessment. Your own risk category, and what to do about it, is a clinical determination for you and your physician to make together.

Dr. Tea Gamezardashvili, MD, PhD, MHA, FACC

Preventive Cardiologist & Lipidologist · President, Georgian Atherosclerosis Association · National Coordinator, EAS Lipid Clinic Network (Georgia) · Co-author, EAS Consensus Paper, Atherosclerosis (2026)

For a closer look at Lp(a) specifically — inheritance, family screening, and current investigational therapies — see the complete Lp(a) guide. For the full ApoB framework, see the ApoB guide.

See how these targets apply to an actual panel — a physician-annotated walkthrough.

See a sample report →

CardioIQ is an interpretation tool, not a diagnostic device. It does not diagnose, treat, or replace the treating physician; all findings should be discussed with a qualified physician.